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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Somatic Cells
Junying Yu 1*, Maxim A. Vodyanik 2, Kim Smuga-Otto 1, Jessica Antosiewicz-Bourget 1, Jennifer L Frane 3, Shulan Tian 4, Jeff Nie 4, Gudrun A. Jonsdottir 4, Victor Ruotti 4, Ron Stewart 4, Igor I. Slukvin 5, James A. Thomson 6*
1 Genome Center of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706-1580, USA.; Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715-1299, USA.
2 Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715-1299, USA.
3 Genome Center of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706-1580, USA.
4 WiCell Research Institute, Madison, WI 53707-7365, USA.
5 Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715-1299, USA.; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
6 Genome Center of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706-1580, USA.; Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715-1299, USA.; Department of Anatomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1509, USA.Somatic cell nuclear transfer allows trans-acting factors present in the mammalian oocyte to reprogram somatic cell nuclei to an undifferentiated state. Here we show that four factors (OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, and LIN28) are sufficient to reprogram human somatic cells to pluripotent stem cells that exhibit the essential characteristics of embryonic stem cells. These human induced pluripotent stem cells have normal karyotypes, express telomerase activity, express cell surface markers and genes that characterize human ES cells, and maintain the developmental potential to differentiate into advanced derivatives of all three primary germ layers. Such human induced pluripotent cell lines should be useful in the production of new disease models and in drug development as well as application in transplantation medicine once technical limitations (for example, mutation through viral integration) are eliminated.
