西亚试剂：Intracellular trafficking of presenilin 1 is regulated by β

Intracellular trafficking of presenilin 1 is regulated by β-amyloid precursor protein and phospholipase D1

Yun Liu, Yun-wu Zhang, Xin Wang, Han Zhang, Xiaoqing You, Francesca-Fang Liao, and Huaxi Xu

Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037

Excessive accumulation of β-amyloid peptides (Aβ) in the brain is a major cause for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Aβ is derived from β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) through sequential cleavages by β- and γ-secretases, whose enzymatic activities are tightly controlled by subcellular localization. Delineation of how intracellular trafficking of these secretases and APP is regulated is important for understanding AD pathogenesis. Although APP trafficking is regulated by multiple factors including presenilin 1 (PS1), a major component of the -secretase complex, and phospholipase D1 (PLD1), a phospholipid-modifying enzyme, regulation of intracellular trafficking of PS1/γ-secretase and -secretase is less clear. Here we demonstrate that APP can reciprocally regulate PS1 trafficking: APP deficiency results in faster transport of PS1 from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the cell surface and increased steady-state levels of PS1 at the cell surface, which can be reversed by restoring APP levels. Restoration of APP in APP-deficient cells also reduces steady-state levels of other -secretase components (nicastrin, APH-1 and PEN-2) and the cleavage of Notch by PS1/γ-secretase that is more highly correlated with cell surface levels of PS1 than with APP overexpression levels, supporting the notion that Notch is mainly cleaved at the cell surface. In contrast, intracellular trafficking of β-secretase (BACE1) is not regulated by APP. Moreover, we find that PLD1 also regulates PS1 trafficking and that PLD1 overexpression promotes cell surface accumulation of PS1 in an APP-independent manner. Our results clearly elucidate a physiological function of APP in regulating protein trafficking and suggest that intracellular trafficking of PS1/γ-secretase is regulated by multiple factors, including APP and PLD1.

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