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IFNα activates dormant haematopoietic stem cells in vivo
Marieke A. G. Essers1,2, Sandra Offner3, William E. Blanco-Bose3, Zoe Waibler4, Ulrich Kalinke4,5, Michel A. Duchosal6 & Andreas Trumpp1,2,3
1 Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
2 Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technologies and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280. D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
3 Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ISREC—Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Science, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
4 Division of Immunology, Paul Ehrlich Institute, D-63225 Langen, Germany
5 TWINCORE—Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
6 Service and Central Laboratory of Hematology, CHUV, University Hospitals of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
Maintenance of the blood system is dependent on dormant haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with long-term self-renewal capacity. After injury these cells are induced to proliferate to quickly re-establish homeostasis1. The signalling molecules promoting the exit of HSCs out of the dormant stage remain largely unknown. Here we show that in response to treatment of mice with interferon-α (IFNα), HSCs efficiently exit G0 and enter an active cell cycle. HSCs respond to IFNα treatment by the increased phosphorylation of STAT1 and PKB/Akt (also known as AKT1), the expression of IFN target genes, and the upregulation of stem cell antigen-1 (Sca-1, also known as LY6A). HSCs lacking the IFN/ receptor (IFNAR)2, STAT1 (ref. 3) or Sca-1 (ref. 4) are insensitive to IFNα stimulation, demonstrating that STAT1 and Sca-1 mediate IFN-induced HSC proliferation. Although dormant HSCs are resistant to the anti-αproliferative chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluoro-uracil1, 5, HSCs pre-treated (primed) with IFN and thus induced to proliferate are efficiently eliminated by 5-fluoro-uracil exposure in vivo. Conversely, HSCs chronically activated by IFN are functionally compromised and are rapidly out-competed by non-activatable Ifnar-/- cells in competitive repopulation assays. Whereas chronic activation of the IFNα pathway in HSCs impairs their function, acute IFNα treatment promotes the proliferation of dormant HSCs in vivo. These data may help to clarify the so far unexplained clinical effects of IFN on leukaemic cells6, 7, and raise the possibility for new applications of type I interferons to target cancer stem cells8.
