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Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Recombinant Proteins
Hongyan Zhou1,Shili Wu4,7,Jin Young Joo5,7,Saiyong Zhu1,Dong Wook Han5,Tongxiang Lin1,Sunia Trauger2,3,Geoffery Bien4,Susan Yao4,Yong Zhu4,Gary Siuzdak2,3,Hans R. Sch?ler5,Lingxun Duan6andSheng Ding1,,
1 Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
2 Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
3 Center for Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
4 ProteomTech, Inc., 3505 Cadillac Avenue, Suite F7, Costa Mesa, CA 92626, USA
5 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, R?ntgenstrasse 20, Münster 48149, Germany
6 LD Biopharma Inc., Sandown Way, San Diego, CA 92130, USA
7 These authors contributed equally to this work
Groundbreaking work demonstrated that ectopic expression of four transcription factors, Oct4, Klf4, Sox2, and c-Myc, could reprogram murine somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006), and human iPSCs were subsequently generated using similar genetic manipulation (Takahashi etal., 2007,Yu etal., 2007). To address the safety issues arose from harboring integrated exogenous sequences in the target cell genome, a number of modified genetic methods have been developed and produced iPSCs with potentially reduced risks (for discussion, see Yamanaka, 2009, and references therein). However, all of the methods developed to date still involve the use of genetic materials and thus the potential for unexpected genetic modifications by the exogenous sequences in the target cells. Here wereport generation of protein-induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs) from murine embryonic fibroblasts using recombinant cell-penetrating reprogramming proteins. We demonstrated that such piPSCs can long-term self-renew and are pluripotent invitro and invivo.