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A Pseudomonas syringae ADP-Ribosyltransferase Inhibits Arabidopsis Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases
Yujing Wang a,b, Jifeng Li b, Shuguo Hou b, Xingwei Wang b, Yuan Li c, Dongtao Ren c, She Chen b, Xiaoyan Tang d,e,1 and Jian-Min Zhou b
a College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
b National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
c State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
d Shenzhen Molecular Crop Design Center for Tropical and Subtropical Regions, Shenzhen 518040, China
e Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
The successful recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) as a danger signal is crucial for plants to fend off numerous potential pathogenic microbes. The signal is relayed through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK) cascades to activate defenses. Here, we show that the Pseudomonas syringae type III effector HopF2 can interact with Arabidopsis thaliana MAP KINASE KINASE5 (MKK5) and likely other MKKs to inhibit MPKs and PAMP-triggered immunity. Inhibition of PAMP-induced MPK phosphorylation was observed when HopF2 was delivered naturally by the bacterial type III secretion system. In addition, HopF2 Arg-71 and Asp-175 residues that are required for the interaction with MKK5 are also necessary for blocking MAP kinase activation, PAMP-triggered defenses, and virulence function in plants. HopF2 can inactivate MKK5 and ADP-ribosylate the C terminus of MKK5 in vitro. Arg-313 of MKK5 is required for ADP-ribosylation by HopF2 and MKK5 function in the plant cell. Together, these results indicate that MKKs are important targets of HopF2.
