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Visualizing mechanical tension across membrane receptors with a fluorescent sensor
Daniel R Stabley,1 Carol Jurchenko,1 Stephen S Marshall1 & Khalid S Salaita1
We report a fluorescence-based turn-on sensor for mapping the mechanical strain exerted by specific cell-surface proteins in living cells. The sensor generates force maps with high spatial and temporal resolution using conventional fluorescence microscopy. We demonstrate the approach by mapping mechanical forces during the early stages of regulatory endocytosis of the ligand-activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).Our tension sensor design provides a general method for mapping mechanical tension experienced by specific membrane proteins on the surface of living cells. These tension maps provide, to our knowledge, the first direct evidence showing that mechanical forces are associated with the initial stages of EGF ligand internalization. This method could be applied to rapidly study chemomechanical interactions across nearly any receptor or cell type. The inherent flexibility of the platform may also enable the investigation of mechanical force transmission across cell-cell junctions, such as those between T cells and antigen-presenting cells as well as epithelial cell junctions, which are typically not amenable to direct investigations by other methods.