西亚试剂：Seeing the Warburg effect in the developing retina

Seeing the Warburg effect in the developing retina

Brian P. Fiske1 & Matthew G. Vander Heiden1

During development, instead of using extracellular glucose, Xenopus retina cells rely on intracellular nutrient stores, including glycogen1. Agathocleous et al. now demonstrate in vivo that proliferating progenitor cells of the developing retina rely on aerobic glycolysis (rather than on oxidative phosphorylation), which converts glucose to lactate, to support their metabolic needs2. This occurs even in the presence of oxygen, despite the fact that, when oxygen is available, oxidative phosphorylation allows more ATP to be produced per mole of glucose than glycolysis alone (Fig. 1). Interestingly, this preference for aerobic glycolysis is regulated by glycogen-phosphorylase-mediated glycogen metabolism. Even when progenitor cells are forced to utilize oxidative phosphorylation to produce ATP, by treating developing embryos with a glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor (GPI)3, they continue to depend on glycolytic flux for proliferation and survival. Only after terminal differentiation to non-proliferating retinal cells do the cells switch to oxidative phosphorylation. This work demonstrates that normal proliferating embryonic tissues use aerobic glycolysis even when relying on intracellular nutrient stores.

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