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COPI polices nicotine-mediated up-regulation of nicotinic receptors
Rene Anand
Mayans, Aztecs, and indigenous Americans cultivated tobacco for medicinal and religious purposes well over 2,000 years ago. The subsequent trade and industrial-scale production of tobacco have led to its global recreational use with devastating health consequences. It is currently responsible for the greatest number of preventable deaths worldwide by any single agent, estimated to be 5 million per year by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The active ingredient of tobacco, nicotine, efficiently permeates the blood brain barrier and activates neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the brain. In addition, nicotine exposure of the brain during childhood and adolescence is likely to increase susceptibility to neuropsychiatric and addiction disorders.