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西亚试剂:The Conserved microRNA MiR-8 Tunes Atrophin Levels to Preve

The Conserved microRNA MiR-8 Tunes Atrophin Levels to Prevent Neurodegeneration in Drosophila

Janina S. Karres,1 Valérie Hilgers,1 Ines Carrera,3 Jessica Treisman,3 and Stephen M. Cohen1,2,

1 European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
2 Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, Singapore 117604
3 Skirball Institute, New York University, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA


Corresponding author
Stephen M. Cohen
microRNAs (miRNAs) bind to specific messenger RNA targets to posttranscriptionally modulate their expression. Understanding the regulatory relationships between miRNAs and targets remains a major challenge. Many miRNAs reduce expression of their targets to inconsequential levels. It has also been proposed that miRNAs might adjust target expression to an optimal level. Here we analyze the consequences of mutating the conserved miRNA miR-8 in Drosophila. We identify atrophin as a direct target of miR-8. miR-8 mutant phenotypes are attributable to elevated atrophin activity, resulting in elevated apoptosis in the brain and in behavioral defects. Reduction of atrophin levels in miR-8-expressing cells to below the level generated by miR-8 regulation is detrimental, providing evidence for a “tuning target” relationship between them. Drosophila atrophin is related to the atrophin family of mammalian transcriptional regulators, implicated in the neurodegenerative disorder DRPLA. The regulatory relationship between miR-8 and atrophin orthologs is conserved in mammals. 另一篇文章提及的是miR-150这种小分子RNA,miR-150是一种在成熟淋巴细胞特异表达的miRNA,在淋巴细胞前体中并不存在。miR-150的一个重要靶标就是c-Myb——调控淋巴细胞生长多步骤的转录因子。 

    在这篇文章中,研究人员采用功能失活突变(loss-of-function  mutation,LOF)和功能激活突变(gain-of-function,GOF)基因靶向两种研究方法,研究miR-15的c-Myb条件型和局部型去除,结果他们发现miR-150体内调控c-Myb表达是以一种剂量依赖性的方式,并且miRNA和c-Myb浓度变化范围小,但能极大的影响淋巴细胞的生长和回应。 

    这一研究说明淋巴细胞中一个阶段特异性表达的miRNA存在一个关键靶标的转录因子,并且进一步揭示这种miRNA(或者其它miRNA)能在特殊的细胞环境中调控仅仅一些关键靶标蛋白的表达。 

    微小RNA(microRNA,简称miRNA)是生物体内源长度约为20-23个核苷酸的非编码小RNA,通过与靶mRNA的互补配对而在转录后水平上对基因的表达进行负调控,导致mRNA的降解或翻译抑制。到目前为止,已报道有几千种miRNA存在于动物、植物、真菌等多细胞真核生物中,进化上高度保守。在植物和动物中,miRNA虽然都是通过与其靶基因的相互作用来调节基因表达,进而调控生物体的生长发育,但miRNA执行这种调控作用的机理却不尽相同。 

    1993年,首次在秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabditiselegans)中发现microRNAs,现已证实,miRNA广泛存在于真核生物细胞内,是最大的基因家族之一,大约占到整个基因组的1%,在精细调控基因表达及生物生长发育过程方面发挥着重要作用。任何miRNAs的失调都会导致细胞调控事件的剧变。最近研究表明,miRNA在生物体内的多样化调控途径中扮演着关键性角色,包括控制发育进程、细胞分化、、细胞分裂以及器官的发育。miRNA与其靶分子组成了一个复杂的调控网络,如某一特定的miRNA可以与多个mRNA  分子结合而发挥调控功能,反之,不同的miRNA  分子也可以结合在同一mRNA  分子上,协同调控此mRNA分子的表达。