西亚试剂：Targeted Investigation of the Neandertal Genome by Array-Ba

Targeted Investigation of the Neandertal Genome by Array-Based Sequence Capture
Hernán A. Burbano,1,* Emily Hodges,2,3,* Richard E. Green,1, Adrian W. Briggs,1 Johannes Krause,1 Matthias Meyer,1 Jeffrey M. Good,1,4 Tomislav Maricic,1 Philip L. F. Johnson,5 Zhenyu Xuan,2, Michelle Rooks,2,3 Arindam Bhattacharjee,6 Leonardo Brizuela,6 Frank W. Albert,1 Marco de la Rasilla,7 Javier Fortea,7, Antonio Rosas,8 Michael Lachmann,1 Gregory J. Hannon,2,3 Svante Paabo1

It is now possible to perform whole-genome shotgun sequencing as well as capture of specific genomic regions for extinct organisms. However, targeted resequencing of large parts of nuclear genomes has yet to be demonstrated for ancient DNA. Here we show that hybridization capture on microarrays can successfully recover more than a megabase of target regions from Neandertal DNA even in the presence of ~99.8% microbial DNA. Using this approach, we have sequenced ~14,000 protein-coding positions inferred to have changed on the human lineage since the last common ancestor shared with chimpanzees. By generating the sequence of one Neandertal and 50 present-day humans at these positions, we have identified 88 amino acid substitutions that have become fixed in humans since our divergence from the Neandertals.

1 Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
2 Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
3 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
4 Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA.
5 Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
6 Agilent Technologies, Life Sciences Group, Santa Clara, CA 95051, USA.
7 área de Prehistoria, Departamento de Historia, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
8 Departamento de Paleobiología, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain.

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