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Apple, too, has entered the health-care game. In March, it debuted ResearchKit, a framework through which researchers can write apps that collect data from patients’ mobile phones. And in April, IBM launched IBM Watson Health and the Watson Health Cloud, services that use the company’s cognitive computing technology to process large amounts of health data from diverse sources. The service could help physicians to manage patients’ health by streaming data from personal electronic devices, or enable drug companies to manage clinical trials more efficiently with cloud computing. Intel, meanwhile, is developing cloud-computing services to provide more personalized cancer care; and Facebook, Microsoft and Amazon are all also getting involved.
But Google’s approach sets it apart: the company expends more resources on potential health applications and is exploring in more directions than others are. Observers estimate that Google puts more than a billion dollars per year into life-sciences research, although the company says that it does not break down its spending in that way.
Google’s life-sciences team is working on a range of projects that involve developing new ways of monitoring health. As well as the smart contact-lens project, there is the Baseline Study, which aims to collect large amounts of data about people to better quantify health and disease, with the goal of earlier and more-effective preventive care. The company also funds a huge array of external collaborations with academics. Google Genomics, for instance, is studying the application of cloud computing to genomics, and Calico has signed a slew of collaborations with companies and academic institutes.
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“They’re reaching out to academia in a way that biotechnology companies often don’t,” says cell and molecular biologist Judith Campisi of the Buck Institute for Research on Aging in Novato, California. That enables scientists to collaborate with Google instead of joining it wholesale.
“For some academics, joining a technology company would be an exciting new opportunity,” says physician Steven Hyman of the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard in Cambridge, Massachusetts. But it is “not a likely destination for those interested in mitigating risk,” he says. “After all, the life-science goals of the Googles, Apples and Microsofts of the world are likely to change in the near term as the companies explore an area that is new to them.”
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