西亚试剂：Stumbling blocks

There are two major stumbling blocks to advancing our understanding of microbes' role in the biosphere. First is the fragmentation of the life-sciences field. Second is a lack of coordination among the various microbiome research endeavours under way.

Disciplinary silos are problematic because any attempt to understand anything about plants or animals needs to be rooted in microbiology. For example, for decades, circadian rhythms in the mammalian gastrointestinal system were studied in the context of human physiology and gene expression. Yet in the past two to three years, biologists have discovered that daily cycles in the motility of the gut — the production of digestive enzymes, gene expression in gut cells and so on — rely on the activities of gut microbiota. Compounds produced by microbes either cause changes in the gut directly or pass into the host's bloodstream and influence the central nervous system, possibly through

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