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P-ANISIDINE
| Flammability | 1 | |
| Toxicity | 4 | |
| Body Contact | 4 | |
| Reactivity | 1 | |
| Chronic | 2 | |
| SCALE: Min/Nil=0 Low=1 Moderate=2 High=3 Extreme=4 | ||
Azo dyestuffs, intermediate. Intermediate
C7-H9-N-O, C7-H9-N-O, CH3-O-C6H4-NH2, CH3-O-C6H4-NH2, anisidine, para-anisidine, p-
aminoanisole, p-aminoanisole, 4-aminoanisole, 4-aminoanisole, 1-amino-4-methoxybenzene, 1-
amino-4-methoxybenzene, 4-anisidine, 4-anisidine, p-anisylamine, p-anisylamine, 4-methoxy-
1-aminobenzene, 4-methoxy-1-aminobenzene, p-methoxyaniline, p-methoxyaniline, 4-
methoxyaniline, 4-methoxyaniline, 4-methoxybenzenamine, 4-methoxybenzenamine, 4-
methoxybenzeneamine, 4-methoxybenzeneamine, p-methoxyphenylamine, p-methoxyphenylamine,
"aniline, p-methoxy-", "aniline, p-methoxy-", "benzenamine, 4-methoxy-", "benzenamine,
4-methoxy-", "azo dyestuffs"
Danger of cumulative effects.
Very toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.
Very toxic to aquatic organisms.
Severely toxic effects may result from the accidental ingestion of the material; animal experiments indicate that ingestion of less than 5 gram may be fatal or may produce serious damage to the health of the individual. The substance and/or its metabolites may bind to hemoglobin inhibiting normal uptake of oxygen. This condition, known as "methemoglobinemia", is a form of oxygen starvation (anoxia). Symptoms include cyanosis (a bluish discoloration skin and mucous membranes) and breathing difficulties. Symptoms may not be evident until several hours after exposure. At about 15% concentration of blood methemoglobin there is observable cyanosis of the lips, nose and earlobes. Symptoms may be absent although euphoria, flushed face and headache are commonly experienced. At 25-40%, cyanosis is marked but little disability occurs other than that produced on physical exertion. At 40-60%, symptoms include weakness, dizziness, lightheadedness, increasingly severe headache, ataxia, rapid shallow respiration, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, confusion, lethargy and stupor. Above 60% symptoms include dyspnea, respiratory depression, tachycardia or bradycardia, and convulsions. Levels exceeding 70% may be fatal.
Although the material is not thought to be an irritant, direct contact with the eye may cause transient discomfort characterized by tearing or conjunctival redness (as with windburn). Slight abrasive damage may also result. The material may produce foreign body irritation in certain individuals.
Skin contact with the material may produce severely toxic effects; systemic effects may result following absorption and these may be fatal. The material is not thought to be a skin irritant (as classified using animal models). Abrasive damage however, may result from prolonged exposures. Good hygiene practice requires that exposure be kept to a minimum and that suitable gloves be used in an occupational setting. Entry into the blood-stream, through, for example, cuts, abrasions or lesions, may produce systemic injury with harmful effects. Examine the skin prior to the use of the material and ensure that any external damage is suitably protected.
The material is not thought to produce respiratory irritation (as classified using animal models). Nevertheless inhalation of dusts, or fume, especially for prolonged periods, may produce respiratory discomfort and occasionally, distress. Persons with impaired respiratory function, airway diseases and conditions such as emphysema or chronic bronchitis, may incur further disability if excessive concentrations of particulate are inhaled.
Repeated or long-term occupational exposure is likely to produce cumulative health effects involving organs or biochemical systems. There has been some concern that this material can cause cancer or mutations but there is not enough data to make an assessment. There is some evidence that inhaling this product is more likely to cause a sensitization reaction in some persons compared to the general population. There is limited evidence that, skin contact with this product is more likely to cause a sensitization reaction in some persons compared to the general population. Long term exposure to high dust concentrations may cause changes in lung function i.e. pneumoconiosis; caused by particles less than 0.5 micron penetrating and remaining in the lung. Prime symptom is breathlessness; lung shadows show on X-ray. Most arylamines are powerful poisons to the blood-making system. High chronic doses cause congestion of the spleen and tumor formation. Workmen exposed to air concentrations of 0.4 ppm for 3.5 hours/day for 6 months developed no anaemia or chronic poisoning. There were however complaints of headache and vertigo. Blood chemistry revealed increased sulfhaemoglobin, methaemoglobin and frequent occurrence of erythrocytic inclusion bodies (Heinz bodies). When p-anisidine was painted on mice skin at 10-30 mg/m3 for 2 hours/day, 6 days/week there was a decrease in excitable nerves at the end of 1 month, followed after 12 months by chronic intoxication, anaemia and reticulocytosis. In a study of mice and rats fed o-anisidine hydrochloride for 103 weeks (5000 mg/kg) there was a significant increase in transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder in both sexes. The p-isomer gave equivocal results when administered in the diet male rats and no evidence of carcinogenicity in male or female mice or female rats.
