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UNIROYAL CHEMICAL TERRACLOR COTTON SEED PROTECTANT
| Flammability | 1 | |
| Toxicity | 2 | |
| Body Contact | 2 | |
| Reactivity | 1 | |
| Chronic | 3 | |
| SCALE: Min/Nil=0 Low=1 Moderate=2 High=3 Extreme=4 | ||
Soil fungicide for control of soil borne diseases of vegetables, cotton, turf, peanuts and
ornamentals.
PCNB, pentachloronitrobenzene, fungicide, "quintozene containing pesticide", "Terraclaw
(misspelling)"
Harmful if swallowed.
May cause SENSITIZATION by skin contact.
Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through
inhalation.
Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long- term adverse effects in the
aquatic environment.
Accidental ingestion of the material may be harmful; animal experiments indicate that ingestion of less than 150 gram may be fatal or may produce serious damage to the health of the individual. The substance and/or its metabolites may bind to hemoglobin inhibiting normal uptake of oxygen. This condition, known as "methemoglobinemia", is a form of oxygen starvation (anoxia). Symptoms include cyanosis (a bluish discoloration skin and mucous membranes) and breathing difficulties. Symptoms may not be evident until several hours after exposure. At about 15% concentration of blood methemoglobin there is observable cyanosis of the lips, nose and earlobes. Symptoms may be absent although euphoria, flushed face and headache are commonly experienced. At 25-40%, cyanosis is marked but little disability occurs other than that produced on physical exertion. At 40-60%, symptoms include weakness, dizziness, lightheadedness, increasingly severe headache, ataxia, rapid shallow respiration, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, confusion, lethargy and stupor. Above 60% symptoms include dyspnea, respiratory depression, tachycardia or bradycardia, and convulsions. Levels exceeding 70% may be fatal. At sufficiently high doses the material may be nephrotoxic(i.e. poisonous to the kidney). At sufficiently high doses the material may be hepatotoxic(i.e. poisonous to the liver).
Although the material is not thought to be an irritant, direct contact with the eye may cause transient discomfort characterized by tearing or conjunctival redness (as with windburn). Slight abrasive damage may also result. The material may produce foreign body irritation in certain individuals.
Skin contact with the material may be harmful; systemic effects may resultfollowing absorption. There is some evidence to suggest that this material can cause inflammation of the skin on contact in some persons. Open cuts, abraded or irritated skin should not be exposed to this material. Entry into the blood-stream, through, for example, cuts, abrasions or lesions, may produce systemic injury with harmful effects. Examine the skin prior to the use of the material and ensure that any external damage is suitably protected. Exposure to the material may result in a skin inflammation called chloracne. This is characterized by white- and blackheads, keratin cysts, spots, excessive discoloration. These mainly involve the skin under the eyes and behind the ears. The reaction may be delayed. There may also be excess hair growth, degeneration of elastic tissue as a result of sunlight, and scarring of the membrane of the penis.
Persons with impaired respiratory function, airway diseases and conditions such as emphysema or chronic bronchitis, may incur further disability if excessive concentrations of particulate are inhaled. Not normally a hazard due to non-volatile nature of product.
Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation. Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation. This material can cause serious damage if one is exposed to it for long periods. It can be assumed that it contains a substance which can produce severe defects. This has been demonstrated via both short- and long-term experimentation. Limited evidence suggests that repeated or long-term occupational exposure may produce cumulative health effects involving organs or biochemical systems. There has been some concern that this material can cause cancer or mutations but there is not enough data to make an assessment. There is some evidence that human exposure to the material may result in developmental toxicity. This evidence is based on animal studies where effects have been observed in the absence of marked maternal toxicity, or at around the same dose levels as other toxic effects but which are not secondary non-specific consequences of the other toxic effects. Long term exposure to high dust concentrations may cause changes in lung function i.e. pneumoconiosis; caused by particles less than 0.5 micron penetrating and remaining in the lung. Prime symptom is breathlessness; lung shadows show on X-ray. Exposure to the material for prolonged periods may cause physical defects in the developing embryo (teratogenesis). PCNB (parachloronitrobenzene) has been administered orally and subcutaneously to pregnant mice and rats where it has been found to produce both birth deformities and fetal deaths. Other adverse effects demonstrated in animals following exposure include liver and kidney toxicity, inhibition of weight gain, ovarian abscecces and hepatomas. These effects may be entirely due to the level of contaminating hexachlorobenzene found in the commercial product. In a study designed to investigate the cancer-causing potential of the substance an unexpected side-effect, namely a increased susceptibility to bacterial infection was evident amongst mice. The substance is metabolised in the liver where it is conjugated with glutathione to form pentachloroaniline; both the substance and its metabolites are eliminated rapidly in urine and faeces with some bioaccumulation in lipid rich tissues of the body. Oral administration of the substance in cats (1600 mg/kg in corn oil carrier) was effective in producing methemoglobin concentrations of 11% (against 1% in controls) and in producing an eight-fold increase in erythroctes containing Heinz bodies.
